King Mahendra initially supported parliamentary democracy, promulgating Nepal’s first democratic constitution in 1959. However, in 1960 he dissolved parliament and the cabinet, jailed Prime Minister Koirala, and banned political parties. Mahendra claimed the elected government was corrupt and ineffective. This ushered in his new autocratic Panchayat system of local councils with no political parties. During his time on the throne, Mahendra sought to strengthen Nepal’s sovereignty abroad. He initiated diplomatic ties with 45 nations and spearheaded Nepal joining the United Nations in 1955. This enhanced Nepal’s prestige as an independent country. Mahendra also adopted a non-aligned foreign policy, maintaining relations with both India and China. His most notable diplomatic success was the 1961 Nepal-China boundary treaty. His reign marked a golden age for Nepal’s international relations, laying the groundwork for its engagement with the world.

In 1972, King Mahendra’s reign came to an end with his early demise. He was only 52 when he suffered a severe heart attack and passed away, leaving the Crown Prince Birendra to take over the throne, the country and the people. More on HM King Mahendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev.
King Birendra was crowned the King of Nepal in 1975. Although he inherited a country under absolute monarchy, by 1990 Birendra had put his people and their wishes first by lifting the ban on political parties and subsequently proclaiming that the people should rally round the new Government. A new constitution was drawn that would make Birendra head of state of a constitutional monarchy, similar to his grandfather, King Tribhuvan. While Birendra had done away with his father’s Panchayat system, he continued his efforts to integrate Nepal into the international community. In 1969, Nepal was elected to the UN Security Council, enhancing its prestige. Under Birendra, Nepal established diplomatic relations with over 60 countries. A liberal, democratic king, Birendra led the country towards development through educational, agricultural and industrial efforts. More on HM King Birendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev.

In 2001, King Gyanendra ascended to the throne after King Birendra’s tragic death. While Nepal at the time was making steady progress in various sectors, the Maoist rebel group was spreading terror in different parts of the country, stubbing development. Despite the challenges, the King, during his reign, continuously promoted development, security and peace in the country. He prioritized safety of the people, development in the nation and positive ties with its neighbors and foreign countries. Like the previous Shah kings, it was important for King Gyanendra to safeguard Nepal’s sovereignty and keep the people’s wishes at the forefront. More on HM King Gyanendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev.

The Shah Kings’ efforts to connect Nepal with the world stage while preserving its autonomy shaped the country’s emergence as a modern state.